oral+presentations+summary

Glass: The glass is a hard, brittle substance, typically transparent or translucent, made by fusing sand with soda and lime. Glass is used for arquitesture application, ilumination, electrical transmission. Glass does not deteriorate, corrode, stain or fade and therefore is one of the safest packaging materials.

Wood: Wood is a material found as the primary content of the stems of woody plants, especially trees. The woody tissue is formed by the plant for structural purposes, and because it is an effective and efficient structural material, it is useful to humans. Wood is used for many different purposes. Wood has been used as the primary material in the construction of houses and other buildings, also furniture is produced from wood. Perhaps the most important use of wood in terms of human development was the creation of fire. Wood is still used as a fuel in many areas. Wood has many benefits in architecture like: natural beauty, it is easy to work with, durable, safe, light, strong, good insulation and offers a wide range of engineered solutions. Wood is a renewable resource. It is strong, light, fairly easy to work and work with, and it lasts pretty well. It is relatively inexpensive, broadly available, and can be adapted to make lots of wonderful things from kitchen spoons to houses. And when we look at the custom turnings or crafted wood furnishings produced over the years, we see some of the most wonderful grain and coloration in this ancient building material.

Wall: A wall is a solid structure that defines, enclose, divide ans protects an area. A wall delineates a building and supports its structures, separates space in buildings into rooms, o ptrotects or delineates a space in the open air. Walls are constructed in different forms and of various materials to serve several functions.

The two types of walls are load-bearing, which supports the weight of the house above it, and non-bearing wall, which supports only its own weight.

Properties and shapes: T he quality of a distinct object or body in having an externalsurface or outline of specific form or figure.

Simple shapes can be described by basic geometry objects such as a set of two or more points, a line, a curve, a plane, a plane figure, or a solid figure. Organic shapes are shapes with a natural look and a flowing and curving appearance. Examples of organic shapes include the shapes of leaves, plants, and animals.

Post and Lintel: Post-and-lintel, a structure consisting of two upright or vertical members hold up a third member laid horizontally across their top surfaces. Lintel: bear the loads that rest on it without deforming or breaking. Failure occurs when the material is too weak or the lintel is too long. Lintels composed of materials that are weak in bending, such as stone, must be short, while lintels in materials that are strong in bending, such as steel, may span far greater openings. Post: support the lintel and its loads without crushing or buckling. Failure occurs, as in lintels, from excessive weakness or length, but the difference is that the material must be especially strong in compression. Stone, which has this property, is more versatile as a post than as a lintel; under heavy loads it is superior to wood but not to iron, steel, or reinforced concrete.

Framed structures: A framed structure in any material is one that is made stable by a skeleton that is able to stand by itself as a rigid structure without depending on floors or walls to resist deformation. Materials such as wood, steel, and reinforced concrete, which are strong in both tension and compression, make the best members for compression. Masonry skeletons, which cannot be made rigid without walls, are not frames.

Arch:  The arch is a curved structure sustaining superiorly closing an opening or a hole, so all its parts are compressed and none of them occur extensions. These pressures are transmitted to the support which holds the arch ends.  Types of arch: flat arch,corbelled arch,semicircular arch,venetian arch,ogee arch, bullseye arch,bell arch, gothic arch, etc.